.clangd

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-CompileFlags:
-	Add: [-std=c++20]

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 {
 	"clangd.arguments": [
 		"-header-insertion=never"
-	],
+	]
-	"C_Cpp.default.compileCommands": "/home/user/Documents/Code/C/opengl-learning/builddir/compile_commands.json",
-	"C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "mesonbuild.mesonbuild"
 }

meson.build

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-project('opengl-learning', 'cpp', 'c', default_options: ['cpp_std=c++20'])
+project('opengl-learning', 'cpp', 'c')
 
 glfw = dependency('glfw3')
 libepoxy = dependency('epoxy')

src/fragment.glsl

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-// Set the GLSL version to 3.3 and use the OpenGL core profile
-#version 330 core
-out vec4 FragColor;
-in vec3 ourColor;
-
-void main() {
-	FragColor = vec4(ourColor, 1.0);
-}

src/main.cc

@@ -1,17 +1,32 @@
+#include <iostream>
 #include <epoxy/gl.h>
 #include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
 
-#include <iostream>
-#include <format>
-
-#include "shader.hh"
-#include "utilities.hh"
-
 void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
 void process_input(GLFWwindow* window);
 void key_pressed(GLFWwindow *window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods);
 int check_shader_compilation_status(unsigned int shaderId);
 
+const char* vertexShaderCode = R"(
+// Set the GLSL version to 3.3 and use the OpenGL core profile
+#version 330 core
+layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
+
+void main() {
+	gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);
+}
+)";
+
+const char* fragmentShaderCode = R"(
+// Set the GLSL version to 3.3 and use the OpenGL core profile
+#version 330 core
+out vec4 FragColor;
+
+void main() {
+	FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);
+}
+)";
+
 bool wireframe;
 bool rectangleToggled;
 
@@ -19,25 +34,19 @@ struct GlRenderObjects {
 	unsigned int vertexBufferObject;
 	unsigned int vertexArrayObject;
 	unsigned int elementBufferObject;
-	GlRenderObjects(unsigned int vbo, unsigned int vao, unsigned int ebo) {
+	void Destroy() {
-		vertexBufferObject = vbo;
-		vertexArrayObject = vao;
-		elementBufferObject = ebo;
-	}
-	~GlRenderObjects() {
 		glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBufferObject);
 		glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vertexArrayObject);
 		glDeleteBuffers(1, &elementBufferObject);
 	}
 };
 
-GlRenderObjects* triangle() {
+GlRenderObjects triangle() {
 	// An array of verticies containing data for a triangle.
 	float vertices[] = {
-		// positions		// colors
+		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
-		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,	1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
+		0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
-		0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,	0.0f,1.0f, 0.0f,
+		0.0f, 0.5f,  0.0f
-		0.0f, 0.5f,  0.0f,	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
 	};
 
 	unsigned int vertexBufferObject, vertexArrayObject;
@@ -54,31 +63,24 @@ GlRenderObjects* triangle() {
 	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
 
 	// Tell OpenGL how to process the Vertex attributes so it can pass it to the Vertex shader.
-
+	// This will pass the vertex to the location "0". We tell OpenGL the size of the array is 3 elements.
-	// This will pass the position attribute to the location "0". We tell OpenGL the size of each position attribute is 3 floats.
 	// We tell OpenGL that we're using floating point types.
 	// We tell OpenGL we don't want our data to be normalized as its already normalized.
-	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
+	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
 	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
 
-	// Pass the color attribute data to the location 1.
-	// We tell it to offset the data per "vertex" by 3 floats to get the color data instead of the position data.
-	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3*sizeof(float)));
-	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
-
 	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
 	glBindVertexArray(0);
 
-	return new GlRenderObjects(vertexBufferObject, vertexArrayObject, 0);
+	return {vertexBufferObject, vertexArrayObject, 0};
 }
 
-GlRenderObjects* rectangle() {
+GlRenderObjects rectangle() {
 	float vertices[] = {
-		// positions		// colors
+		0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,
-		0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,	1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
+		0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
-		0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,	0.0f,1.0f, 0.0f,
+		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
-		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,	0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
+		-0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f
-		-0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,	1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
 	};
 
 	unsigned int indices[] = {
@@ -105,21 +107,16 @@ GlRenderObjects* rectangle() {
 	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, elementBufferObject);
 	// Copy indicies into the GPU's memory.
 	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
-
 	// Tell OpenGL on how to process the verticies.
-	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void *)0);
+	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void *)0);
 	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
 
-	// Process the color data.
-	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void *)(3*sizeof(float)));
-	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
-
 	// Unbind the current buffers and arrays from the state.
 	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
 	glBindVertexArray(0);
 	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
 
-	return new GlRenderObjects(vertexBufferObject, vertexArrayObject, elementBufferObject);
+	return {vertexBufferObject, vertexArrayObject, elementBufferObject};
 }
 
 int main() {
@@ -150,13 +147,57 @@ int main() {
 	// Register a callback for window size changes.
 	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
 
-	std::string currentPath = utilities::getCurrentPath();
+	unsigned int vertexShader;
+	// Create a OpenGL shader object.
+	vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+	// Pass the source code to the state.
+	glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderCode, nullptr);
+	// Compile the shader
+	glCompileShader(vertexShader);
 
-	// Create a shader class.
+	int success;
-	Shader* shader = new Shader(std::format("{}/vertex.glsl", currentPath).c_str(), std::format("{}/fragment.glsl", currentPath).c_str());
+	char infoLog[512];
+	// Check if the shader successfully compiled.
+	glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
+	if (!check_shader_compilation_status(vertexShader)) {
+		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
+		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILIATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
+	}
 
-	GlRenderObjects* triangleRenderObjs = triangle();
+	unsigned int fragmentShader;
-	GlRenderObjects* rectangleRenderObjs = rectangle();
+	// Create a OpenGL Shader object.
+	fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+	// Give the object the source code of the shader, sent with a single string.
+	glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderCode, NULL);
+	// Compile the shader.
+	glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
+
+	if (!check_shader_compilation_status(fragmentShader)) {
+		glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
+		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
+	}
+
+	unsigned int shaderProgram;
+	// Create a OpenGL Shader Program object.
+	shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
+	// Attach the Vertex Shader to the Shader Program.
+	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
+	// Attach the Fragment Shader to the Shader Program.
+	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
+	// Link the Shader Program.
+	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
+
+	glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
+	if (!success) {
+		glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
+		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::LINKING::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
+	}
+
+	glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
+	glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
+
+	GlRenderObjects triangleRenderObjs = triangle();
+	GlRenderObjects rectangleRenderObjs = rectangle();
 
 	// Create a render loop, which keeps the program open until glfw tells the loop that the window should close.
 	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
@@ -170,18 +211,16 @@ int main() {
 		// Clear the screen and use the color from the state.
 		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-		// activate the shader
+		// Use the shaderProgram shader program for drawing verticies.
-		shader->activate();
+		glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
-
 		if (!rectangleToggled) {
 			// Bind the state to use the vertexArrayObject object so OpenGL knows what to do with the verticies.
-			glBindVertexArray(triangleRenderObjs->vertexArrayObject);
+			glBindVertexArray(triangleRenderObjs.vertexArrayObject);
-			// Draw the verticies with the first index being 0 and the size of the vertex being 3 floats.
+			// Draw the verticies.
 			glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
 			glBindVertexArray(0);
 		} else {
-			glBindVertexArray(rectangleRenderObjs->vertexArrayObject);
+			glBindVertexArray(rectangleRenderObjs.vertexArrayObject);
-			// Draw 6 elements (indices) that are unsigned ints.
 			glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
 			glBindVertexArray(0);
 		}
@@ -193,9 +232,9 @@ int main() {
 	}
 
 	// Clean up objects from memory.
-	delete triangleRenderObjs;
+	triangleRenderObjs.Destroy();
-	delete rectangleRenderObjs;
+	rectangleRenderObjs.Destroy();
-	delete shader;
+	glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
 
 	glfwTerminate();
 	return 0;

src/meson.build

@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 sources = [
-	'main.cc',
+	'main.cc'
-	'shader.cc',
-	'utilities.cc'
 ]
 
-copy = find_program('cp')
+executable('main', sources, dependencies: [glfw, libepoxy])
-
-fragment = custom_target('fragment', output: 'fragment.glsl', input: 'fragment.glsl', command: [copy, '@INPUT@', '@OUTPUT@'])
-vertex = custom_target('vertex', output: 'vertex.glsl', input: 'vertex.glsl', command: [copy, '@INPUT@', '@OUTPUT@'])
-
-
-executable('main', [sources] + [fragment, vertex], dependencies: [glfw, libepoxy])
 executable('fixedfunction', ['fixedfunction.cc'], dependencies: [glfw, libepoxy])

src/shader.cc

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-#include "shader.hh"
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <epoxy/gl.h>
-#include <format>
-
-Shader::Shader(const char* vertexPath, const char* fragmentPath) {
-	std::string vertexCode, fragmentCode;
-	std::ifstream vShaderFile, fShaderFile;
-
-	vShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
-	fShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
-
-	try {
-		// open shader files.
-		vShaderFile.open(vertexPath);
-		fShaderFile.open(fragmentPath);
-
-		std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
-
-		// read files into stringstreams.
-		vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf();
-		fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf();
-
-		// close the file handles.
-		vShaderFile.close();
-		fShaderFile.close();
-
-		// convert the streams into c++ strings.
-		vertexCode = vShaderStream.str();
-		fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str();
-	} catch (std::ifstream::failure e) {
-		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
-	}
-
-	// compile vertex and fragment shaders.
-	uint vertex, fragment;
-	vertex = compileVertexShader(vertexCode);
-	fragment = compileFragmentShader(fragmentCode);
-
-	// link the shader to a shader program.
-	id = glCreateProgram();
-	glAttachShader(id, vertex);
-	glAttachShader(id, fragment);
-	glLinkProgram(id);
-
-	// check if the shader program successfully linked.
-	int success;
-	char infoLog[512];
-	glGetProgramiv(id, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
-	if (!success) {
-		glGetProgramInfoLog(id, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
-		std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED" << std::endl << infoLog << std::endl;
-	}
-
-	// clean up un-needed shader objects.
-	glDeleteShader(vertex);
-	glDeleteShader(fragment);
-}
-
-Shader::~Shader() {
-	glDeleteProgram(id);
-}
-
-uint Shader::compileShader(std::string code, GLenum type, std::string shaderTypeName) {
-	int success;
-	uint shader;
-	char infoLog[512];
-	const char* codeCString = code.c_str();
-
-	shader = glCreateShader(type);
-	glShaderSource(shader, 1, &codeCString, nullptr);
-	glCompileShader(shader);
-	glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
-
-	if (!success) {
-		glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
-		std::cout << std::format("ERROR::SHADER::{}::COMPILATION_FAILED", shaderTypeName) << std::endl << infoLog << std::endl;
-	}
-
-	return shader;
-}
-
-uint Shader::compileVertexShader(std::string code) {
-	return compileShader(code, GL_VERTEX_SHADER, "VERTEX");
-}
-
-uint Shader::compileFragmentShader(std::string code) {
-	return compileShader(code, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, "FRAGMENT");
-}
-
-void Shader::activate() {
-	glUseProgram(id);
-}
-
-void Shader::setBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const {
-	glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(id, name.c_str()), (int)value);
-}
-void Shader::setInt(const std::string &name, int value) const {
-	glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(id, name.c_str()), value);
-}
-void Shader::setFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const {
-	glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(id, name.c_str()), value);
-}

src/shader.hh

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef SHADER_HH
-#define SHADER_HH
-#include <string>
-#include <epoxy/gl.h>
-class Shader {
-	public:
-	// The Shader ID.
-	unsigned int id;
-
-	// Constructor that builds the shader from a path of vertex and fragment shaders.
-	Shader(const char* vertexPath, const char* fragmentPath);
-	// Destructor that cleans up memory.
-	~Shader();
-	// activate the shader.
-	void activate();
-    // utility uniform functions
-	void setBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const;  
-	void setInt(const std::string &name, int value) const;   
-	void setFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const;
-	private:
-	uint compileShader(std::string code, GLenum type, std::string shaderTypeName);
-	uint compileVertexShader(std::string code);
-	uint compileFragmentShader(std::string code);
-};
-#endif

src/utilities.cc

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#include "utilities.hh"
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <string>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <linux/limits.h>
-
-std::string utilities::getCurrentPath() {
-	char result[PATH_MAX];
-	ssize_t count = readlink("/proc/self/exe", result, PATH_MAX);
-	std::string executablePath = std::string(result, (count > 0) ? count : 0);
-	std::vector<std::string> stringVector = utilities::splitString(executablePath, '/');
-	stringVector.pop_back();
-	return utilities::combineString(stringVector, '/');
-}
-
-std::vector<std::string> utilities::splitString(std::string string, char delimiter) {
-	size_t last = 0;
-	size_t next = 0;
-	std::vector<std::string> vector;
-	while ((next = string.find(delimiter, last)) != std::string::npos) {
-		vector.push_back(string.substr(last, next-last));
-		last = next + 1;
-	}
-	vector.push_back(string.substr(last));
-	return vector;
-}
-
-std::string utilities::combineString(std::vector<std::string> stringVector, char delimiter) {
-	std::stringstream stringStream;
-	for (auto it = stringVector.begin() ; it != stringVector.end(); it++) {
-		if (it != stringVector.begin()) {
-			stringStream << delimiter;
-		}
-		stringStream << *it;
-	}
-	return stringStream.str();
-}

src/utilities.hh

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef UTILITIES_HH
-#define UTILITIES_HH
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace utilities {
-	std::string getCurrentPath();
-	std::vector<std::string> splitString(std::string string, char delimiter);
-	std::string combineString(std::vector<std::string> stringVector, char delimiter);
-}
-#endif

src/vertex.glsl

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// Set the GLSL version to 3.3 and use the OpenGL core profile
-#version 330 core
-layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
-layout (location = 1) in vec3 aColor;
-out vec3 ourColor;
-
-void main() {
-	gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 1.0);
-	ourColor = aColor;
-}